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A slow-rotating supermassive black hole is found in a distant quasar by Chandra
Science

A slow-rotating supermassive black hole is found in a distant quasar by Chandra

Chandra's X-rays (blue) have been combined with radio data from NSF's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (red) and an optical image from PanSTARRS in Hawaii to produce this composite image of H1821+643.

“According to Julia Sisk-Reynés from the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge, H1821+643 contains between three and 30 billion solar masses, which makes it one of the most massive black holes known,” she said.

“The supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy has a mass of approximately 4 million solar masses. Scientists analyzed data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory as part of their research.In the center of the radio and X-ray emission, they found the H1821+643 supermassive black hole.

Black holes that spin drag space around with them and allow the matter to orbit closer to them than nonspinning ones, so X-ray data can tell how fast they spin.

Compared to less massive black holes that spin close to the speed of light, H1821+643's spectrum indicates a moderate rotation rate. The spin measurement for such a massive black hole is the most accurate.

In H1821+432, why does the black hole spin at about half the speed of its lower mass cousins? According to the researchers, the answer may lie in how these supermassive black holes grow and evolve.

“This relatively slow spin suggests that the largest black holes, such as H1821+643, grow most by merging with other black holes, or by pulling gas inwards when their large disks are disrupted.

“Black holes that grow in this manner are likely to undergo large changes in spin, including slowing down or rotating in an opposing direction. “Based on our prediction, it is expected that black holes with the highest spin rates will have a wider range of spin rates than those with lower spin rates.

Scientists, on the other hand, expect that much of the mass of less massive black holes will come from a disk of gas spinning around them that will accumulate the bulk of their mass.

“In such disks, since the matter is expected to be stable, the incoming matter will drive them to spin faster so that they can achieve their maximum speed, which is the speed of light,” the team wrote.

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