Black holes have been discovered for the first time in the universe by scientists

The growth of a supermassive black hole is long, although it consumes abundantly. It remains a mystery how black holes billions of times bigger than the Sun formed in the first billion years of the universe.

A new study by an international team of cosmologists suggests an alternative: black holes born from massive primordial stars feed on mysterious dark matter streams.

The recipe for a 100,000-solar-mass black hole at birth is a 100,000-solar-mass primordial star,' said Daniel Whalen, a cosmologist at the University of Portsmouth. An independent newspaper. The only black holes we have found in the universe today are the result of massive stars collapsing. Black holes must have a minimum mass of three or four solar masses.'

In contrast, the gap between a 4-solar-mass star and a 100,000-solar-mass star is enormous, a 'massive' star that would extend to Pluto's orbit is centered on the Sun. Many studies of the formation of quasars - the extremely bright centers of galaxies powered by supermassive black holes - have focused on the finely tuned conditions under which they form in the early universe, according to Whalen. Primordial star with a massive mass.

As Dr. Whalen and colleagues demonstrate in a new Nature article, quasars naturally form and collapse into seeds instead of developing from highly specialized conditions. Even though they are relatively rare, they are much less delicate. Dark matter is at the root of it all.

Approximately 3 percent of the total mass of the universe is composed of matter as we understand it - protons, neutrons, electrons, hydrogen, helium, and other elements. 'But 24 percent is dark matter, and we know it's caused by galaxies and clusters moving, but we don't know what it is.'

Therefore, the theme interacts only with ordinary matter through gravity, and it is dark matter's attraction that has created the largest scale structure in the universe. In the early universe, large regions of dark matter collapsed under their weight into long filaments, dragging ordinary matter with them, forming a network of filaments and their intersections.

A halo must grow to an enormous rate under special conditions to give birth to a supermassive black hole and a quasar during the first billion years of the universe: no other stars are nearby, and molecular hydrogen gas keeps it cool. The halo is turbulent due to supersonic gas flows. Until the halo is cool and turbulent enough to prevent coalescence into a star, extending its growth phase until it is finally born massive.

Dr. A simulation by Velan and colleagues suggests cold gas flows in a halo in the cosmic web from filaments defined by dark matter, rather than requiring more stringent conditions for the formation of massive stars and black holes. The formation of primordial stars is dependent on many factors in older models.

As cold accretion flows are driving the growth of these haloes, it is reasonable to assume they have run into them so quickly, Dr. Whalen explained, that they have hit them with so much turbulent gas that the turbulent gas would have prevented them from collapsing and forming a star.”

In simulations of such a halo fueled by cold accretion flows, the researchers observed the formation of two massive primordial stars, one 31,000 Suns in size, the other 40,000 Suns in size. A supermassive black hole's seeds.

There's nothing complicated about it. Dr. Whalen noted that a problem that had existed for 20 years had disappeared overnight. A massive quasar seed can be created whenever cold flows feed gas into a halo, which produces so much star formation and massive seed formation that it creates enough turbulence to produce star formation.

In the early universe, large haloes were rare, and quasars were also present. The number of quasars observed matches the number of haloes. Scientists would like to observe a natural quasar forming from the early universe, not a simulation. This may become a reality relatively soon with new instruments such as the James Webb Space Telescope.