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Detection of Jupiter-like planets by ESA's Gaia spacecraft; scientists delighted

Science

Detection of Jupiter-like planets by ESA's Gaia spacecraft; scientists delighted

Astronomers discovered Gaia can also detect planets with its map-making capabilities. ESA's Gaia mission recently discovered two new Jupiter-like exoplanets using its most detailed 3D map of the Milky Way ever.

Tel Aviv University experts collaborated with ESA scientists on the research that led to this discovery. 

They were spotted using different methods involving artificial intelligence and were named Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b. A total of 40 candidates have also been published by Gaia.

As we did with the first two candidates, the astronomical community now will have to prove their planetary nature,' said Shay Zucker, a co-author of the research and the Porter School's head.

A Large Binocular Telescope in Arizona was used to study the new planets referred to as 'hot Jupiters'.

Those two exoplanets have similar sizes to Jupiter in our solar system, according to research published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

On both planets, a year lasts less than four days due to their extremely close orbits around their stars. On Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b, each year is approximately 90 years.

Observing planet transits across stars with Gaia, the satellite was repurposed to discover the planets. Star-surveying satellite Gaia enables easier observation of stars and noticing dips in starlight.

Finding exoplanets is common by observing periodic dips in light emerging from a star, which occurs when an exoplanet orbits a star. By observing transits, scientists are also able to estimate a planet's orbital size; the closer the planet is to its star, the more frequent the dips. 

A Large Binocular Telescope helped the astronomers confirm that Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b were indeed causing the dips. Until now, Gaia's ability to detect planets through partial occultation, which requires continuous monitoring over time, had been questioned.

Gaia's characteristics prompted researchers to develop a special algorithm, and they searched cumulative databases from the spaceship for years to find signals.

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