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ESA plays a key role in Nasa's Artemis crewed space program through Airbus
Science

ESA plays a key role in Nasa's Artemis crewed space program through Airbus

With the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) declaring the tests for the Artemis I Moon mission has been completed and prepared for the launch in late August underway, aerospace giant

Airbus has emphasized the role of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Airbus itself within the Artemis program. Specifically, Artemis intends to return humans (including the first woman and the first person of color) to the Moon's surface, allowing crewed space operations to resume beyond low Earth orbit.

The Artemis I mission will, however, be an uncrewed test flight. Despite carrying a crew, Artemis II will not land on the moon. Artemis III will be the first lunar landing mission.  

Although the Artemis spacecraft is led by NASA and funded primarily by the US, ESA contributes a crucial component: its service module. The actual spacecraft that will carry astronauts to and from the Moon is composed of the US-built Orion capsule, which provides a combined flight deck, research station, and crew habitat.

In addition to the main propulsion system for Orion, its maneuvering control and positioning systems, as well as the astronauts' life support systems, including oxygen and water, and thermal control are all provided by the service module.

Airbus Defence and Space is ESA's prime contractor for the design, development, and construction of the ESM.

Airbus Defence and Space in Bremen, Germany, assembled the ESM. As of now, the company has been contracted by ESA to build six ESMs, which will cover Artemis I through VI.

Based on Airbus' experience developing the uncrewed Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), which supports the International Space Station (ISS), the ESM was developed. Between 2008 and 2015, five ATVs were built and flown to the ISS.

Airbus ESM Safety and Mission Engineer Horst Tjaden said, 'The [ATV] was built and operated to the standards of a human-rated system, so the same standards are applied to Orion's ESM during design, development, and operation.

' According to Tjaden, 'Airbus delivered a highly reliable system with the ATV, positioning us for future exploration missions.'   

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