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By TechThop Team
Posted on: 19 Aug, 2022
A black hole was observed up close for the first time in 2019 by astronomers. A virtual telescope the size of our planet was created by combining the power of many radio telescopes across the globe.The accretion disk's magnetic field and jet of matter flung away at a fraction of the speed of light were revealed in subsequent work.
In the meantime, astronomers have recently released an image of the black hole's photon ring, a narrow ring of light that results from photons orbiting the black hole before escaping into space.
This black hole is located at the center of the nearby elliptical galaxy M87, which is 50 million light-years away from us. The black hole at M87 has been well known for decades; the galaxy is what's known as an active galaxy, where energy is blown away from a very small region.
This is caused by material falling into the black hole from the galaxy. The accretion disk, or Point of No Return, builds up outside the event horizon. Material gets extremely hot due to friction, reaching millions of degrees. The intense glow of material this hot, including high-energy X-rays, is a sure indication that a black hole is feeding it.
The original M87* image shows roughly 40 billion kilometers of accretion disk material. As it's so far from us, it's fuzzy. This ring appears Approximately 40 microarcseconds across, very small on our sky. A full Moon's ring is 45 million times larger than the arcsecond's diameter on our sky, since an arcsecond is an angular measurement; 3,600 value are equivalent to a degree.
It's more complicated than that, though. As you can see in the image, there are two things going on at once. It consists of extended material that swirls around the black hole; it is not very sharp. In addition, the black hole's gravity causes a narrow, sharp ring of light called the photon ring.
A fuzzy ring called the n=0 ring is formed when light arriving at the right angle is bent so much that it gets sent toward us. In fact, light approaching the black hole at the right distance is actually able to orbit it once before escaping. As the name suggests, this ring is sharply defined and has n=1 as its center.
It is estimated that 30% of the light in the original image comes from the n=1 ring. In this case, this light is mixed in with the more extended light. How can they be separated?
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