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First results from a next-generation dark matter detector have already shown it to be the most sensitive machine of this type on Earth.
By directly detecting dark matter's constituent particles for the first time, the machine may be able to unravel one of physics' biggest mysteries.
Under the Black Hills of South Dakota, the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab passed the check-up phase of its start-up procedure.
After 60 days of live operation, these first results represent the LZ detector's first 60 days of operation.
In the known universe, dark matter makes up around 85% of the matter, but it is practically invisible since it does not interact with light. Similarly, whatever the constituent particles of dark matter are, they don't interact strongly with other matter.
It is only through its gravitational influence that scientists can infer the existence of dark matter since it prevents the constituent stars of galaxies from flying apart.
Researchers now know dark matter isn't composed of protons and neutrons like the everyday matter we see around us every day.
A specific type of dark matter called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs is being searched for by the LUX-ZEPLIN detector. The particles are expected to collide with matter very rarely and interact extremely weakly when they do.
Dark matter particles have not yet been directly detected, but the LZ detector may change that by detecting faint interactions between these particles and xenon atoms.
Ten tons of liquid xenon are contained in two nested titanium tanks in the LZ experiment. The tanks are monitored by two photomultiplier tube (PMT) arrays that detect faint light sources.
Furthermore, the tanks and their detectors sit within a larger detection system that can catch particles that mimic dark matter signals and eliminate them from the hunt.
Xenon tanks must be maintained at minus 148 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 100 degrees Celsius) to detect these weak interactions.
Its underground location helps protect it from high-energy protons and atomic nuclei that originate from the sun and beyond the solar system and move through space at nearly the speed of light
UC Santa Barbara spokesperson Hugh Lippincott said in a statement that LZ plans to collect about 20 times more data in the coming years. We have a lot of science to do, and it's very exciting!'
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