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James Webb Space Telescope's first cosmic targets revealed by NASA
Science

James Webb Space Telescope's first cosmic targets revealed by NASA

On Friday, NASA announced the first cosmological images from the James Webb Space Telescope would include unprecedented views of distant galaxies, nebulae, and a faraway giant gas planet.

Space agencies from the United States, Europe, and Canada are preparing for a big announcement of early observations on July 12 by a $10 billion observatory that is expected to give new insights into the origins of the universe.

“My greatest relief will be to no longer have to keep these secrets,” said Klaus Pontoppidan, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSI) that oversees Webb.

It was decided by a committee of international scientists that the first batch of full-colour images would include both the South Ring Nebula and the Carina Nebula, two enormous clouds of dust and gas 7,600 light-years from Earth.

One of the most famous features of the Carina Nebula is its towering pillars, including 'Mystic Mountain', an iconic image taken by Hubble capturing a three-light-year-tall cosmic pinnacle.

As well to Webb's study of the faraway gas giant WASP-96 b, which was discovered in 2014, Webb has carried out spectroscopy - which is an analysis of light that can reveal detailed information - on this gas giant.

Located nearly 1,150 light-years from Earth, WASP-96 b has a mass of around half of Jupiter and revolves around its star within 3.4 days.

Next, Stephan's Quintet, a compact galaxy located approximately 290 million light-yearslight-years from Earth, is considered. Nasa has stated that four of the five galaxies within the quintet are 'locked in a cosmic dance of repeated close encounters'.

The most intriguing of all is Webb's use of SMACS 0723 galaxy clusters as a kind of cosmic magnifying glass for extremely distant and faint galaxies behind them.

'Gravitational lensing' is the process by which the mass of foreground galaxies bends the light of objects behind them, much like a pair of glasses. The telescope broke scientific ground even before its first images were available, according to STSI astronomer Dan Coe.

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