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Our search for evidence of life on Mars needs to delve deeper, NASA says
Science

Our search for evidence of life on Mars needs to delve deeper, NASA says

Mars has not provided sufficient evidence of life as hoped. Though we have discovered some of the building blocks of life on Mars, we still need more evidence. 

NASA's Curiosity and Perseverance rovers have been searching for such evidence. In our hunt for signs of life on Mars, a new report suggests that we may need to look below the surface of the planet.

For decades, we have been studying the Martian planet. NASA's current rovers and spacecraft have learned a lot about Mars, but there is still much to learn about its surface. 

On Mars, scientists have been searching for traces of amino acids. Unfortunately, the hunt for these key ingredients of life has been disappointing to this point.

As NASA now believes, the amino acids in our bodies are being destroyed by ionizing radiation. The surface of Mars is only dug two inches deep by Martian rovers. 

A 20 million-year lifespan for amino acids at that level is predicted by NASA. In search of signs of life on Mars, we may need to dig deeper than surface-level tests.

To find signs of amino acids on Mars, we might have to dig to a depth of up to 6.6 feet to find evidence of them. 

Both Perseverance and Curiosity are not currently set up in a way that would allow them to explore the surface at such depths. 

Thus, NASA plans to focus its digging on areas that have only been exposed for a short period, to avoid contaminating the area for a long.

Data like this isn't just tucked away by NASA. In an experiment conducted by NASA, the agency investigated how radiation would affect amino acids. 

Several amino acids were mixed with silica, hydrated silica, and a mixture of silica and perchlorate. In our search for signs of life on Mars, we simulate the conditions of the soil on Mars.

To simulate thin air on Mars, the samples were sealed under vacuum conditions. The samples were kept at room temperature for some samples. 

Another batch was stored at -67°F. To simulate the effects of cosmic rays hitting the Martian planet over 80 million years, NASA blasted the samples with gamma radiation.

Radiation from space has the potential to kill off any amino acids which may be found near the surface of the Earth. 

Our search for life on Mars is made more difficult because of this. NASA can, however, develop new ways to look for those important amino acids with this new information.

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